L’intelligence artificielle (IA) s’impose comme un vecteur majeur de transformation de l’administration publique. En Afrique, et notamment au Bénin, elle accompagne la modernisation de l’action publique à travers l’automatisation des procédures, l’amélioration de l’accès aux services, l’analyse prédictive et la gestion intelligente des territoires. Toutefois, cette dynamique demeure marquée par une adoption partielle, centrée davantage sur l’automatisation que sur des systèmes d’IA avancés.

Le panorama met en lumière une double réalité : d’une part, le potentiel stratégique de l’IA pour optimiser la décision administrative, renforcer la transparence et soutenir l’innovation publique ; d’autre part, les limites et risques associés, liés à l’absence de cadre juridique spécifique, aux biais algorithmiques, aux atteintes possibles aux droits fondamentaux et aux défis institutionnels (compétences, infrastructures, souveraineté numérique).

L’étude souligne ainsi la nécessité d’une gouvernance maîtrisée de l’IA afin d’en faire un instrument fiable, éthique et souverain au service de l’administration publique africaine.

Si l’intelligence artificielle bouleverse les sociétés, la définition des règles pour son encadrement reste un défi pour les juristes. Responsabilité, protection des données, lutte contre les discriminations et encadrement international sont autant de questions au cœur de ce nouveau champ du droit en construction.

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https://lanation.bj/economie/intelligence-artificielle-la-quete-de-principes-directeurs-entre-ethique-et-droit

𝐃𝐫 𝐉𝐮𝐥𝐢𝐞𝐧 𝐂. 𝐇𝐨𝐮𝐧𝐤𝐩𝐞̀, 𝐬𝐩𝐞́𝐜𝐢𝐚𝐥𝐢𝐬𝐭𝐞 𝐝𝐮 𝐧𝐮𝐦𝐞́𝐫𝐢𝐪𝐮𝐞: « 𝐒𝐚𝐧𝐬 𝐜𝐚𝐝𝐫𝐞 𝐟𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐚𝐥 𝐚𝐝𝐚𝐩𝐭𝐞́, 𝐥’𝐞́𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐨𝐦𝐢𝐞 𝐧𝐮𝐦𝐞́𝐫𝐢𝐪𝐮𝐞 𝐚𝐩𝐩𝐚𝐮𝐯𝐫𝐢𝐫𝐚 𝐥𝐞𝐬 𝐄𝐭𝐚𝐭𝐬 »

Docteur en droit et spécialiste du numérique, Dr Julien C. Hounkpè analyse, dans cet entretien, les limites du système fiscal traditionnel face à l’essor de l’économie numérique. Selon lui, les stratégies d’optimisation fiscale des géants du Web fragilisent les recettes fiscales des États et faussent la concurrence. Il plaide pour une réforme fiscale coordonnée à l’échelle internationale pour garantir une taxation juste et adaptée aux nouvelles réalités économiques.

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https://lanation.bj/…/dr-julien-c-hounkpe-specialiste…

The Benin Government adopted a National Artificial Intelligence and Big Data Strategy in January 2023. As the first AI national strategy in a West Africa francophone country, this article overviews several key components of this policy. The policy is intended to guide government actions until 2027.

A bold and ambitious strategy

A key tool of defining the foundations for structuring the AI ecosystem in Benin, the National Strategy will enable technological solutions adapted to Benin’s contemporary and future concerns in the fields of education, health, agriculture, environment, and tourism. This is why the government insisted that all the stages of implementation be respected, from the prerequisites to its implementation, including the drafting of the document, its validation and its adoption in the Council of Ministers. Two important phases marked the national strategy’s development: the preliminary stage and the development of the document.

Preliminaries

In the preliminary stage, the government passed a Digital Code Law and constructed 2,500 kilometers of optical fiber to strengthen public confidence. To densify the AI ecosystem, a national data center and a national administration network were also built. The latter has 187 sites. The information and data systems interoperability platform and the implementation of intelligent administration are all favorable assets for the advent of AI in Benin.

A consensual document for AI

The Ministry of Digital and Digitalization requested the expertise of the Antah firm, which worked with a multi-sectoral steering committee on the inventory of the AI sector in Benin. The subsequent document takes account of vital areas, namely: research, development and innovation, applications, marketing and intersectoral distribution, support and supervision of deployment. Coming from government sector departments as well as the private sector and associative or academic organizations, the participants were divided into six groups. These were services, data and infrastructures, ecosystem, institutional, legal and regulatory framework, awareness of AI and development of human capital. The ambition of the latter is to have a national strategy to manage and highlight the massive data resulting from the execution of several projects in the digital sector. The strategy is made up of four programs that can be broken down into three phases for five years, with a portfolio containing one hundred and twenty-three actions impacting the public and private sectors.

Programmatic Framework  

This national strategy sets out the implementation principles, axes and objectives that will enable the successful integration of AI in public administration, the private sector and society in general. It thus declines four implementation programs and ten objectives, grouped under four strategic axes, which will guide the implementation of artificial intelligence as a whole :

Financing mechanism 

Over the period 2023-2027, the financing of the strategy is estimated at approximately 4.68 billion FCFA (USD$7,8 millions). The financing mechanism and the mobilization of financial resources are fundamental and condition the successful implementation of the Artificial Intelligence strategy. As the investments required are considerable, the financing strategy is based on the mobilization of resources, both internal and external.  The main objective is to provide adequate and sustainable financial mechanisms and resources to initiate the Artificial Intelligence revolution in Benin.

The establishment of adequate consultative structures and the development of strategies will encourage massive financial support from development partners. External resources are decisive for financing the implementation of the national strategy, but the mobilization of internal financial resources remains necessary.  The following measures will greatly contribute to adequate management of the financing issue:

• Call for national funding from both the state and the private sector;
• Appeal for bilateral and multilateral external aid;
• Call for foreign private capital within the framework of a Public-Private Partnership;
• Mobilization of national savings.

Implementation mechanism 

The cross-cutting nature of this strategy will require an implementation mechanism at two levels :

• A transversal level that will allow the management and coordination of the overall implementation of the strategy.  This level will be supported by the Ministry of Digital and Digitalization. This coordination body will work by involving the conference of Chief Information Officers and all the stakeholders (universities, startups, AI partners, etc.) in the ecosystem.
• A sectoral level that will allow the management of the implementation of the AI ​​projects of the ministries concerned (which lead their projects).

In addition to these two levels, a public investment management framework is put in place.

Evaluation mechanism 

To assess the performance obtained in the implementation of this strategy and in accordance with the principle of accountability and the “iterative and incremental” principle, an annual evaluation is prescribed.

This provision makes it possible to measure and evaluate the level of achievement of the objectives to:

• Support the management of the strategy by providing timely information on the progress made through strategic initiatives (programmes, projects and actions implemented) and take the necessary corrective actions in the event of a breach;
• Confirm and adjust the scopes of the work packages to be undertaken in the next phase;
• Carry out periodic evaluations to check if the strategy is working effectively and to promote knowledge sharing and learning among the parties involved;
• Promote accountability and the obligation to render accounts to the actors involved.

Focus on implementation

The course is now set on the dissemination and implementation of the national strategy. With a projected cost of 4.68 billion FCFA (USD$7.8 millions) over five years, the implementation of this strategy offers the opportunity to exploit AI in the target areas of development to position Benin as a major player in AI in West Africa. The main actions of the strategy will be rapidly implemented in a public-private partnership, at the national level by targeting areas of development. Meanwhile, the hatching of an AI ecosystem is a long-term one and this strategy has put in place the foundations to allow this hatching.